strengja e-s heit

* * *

1) solemn promise, vow; efla (stofna, festa) heit, to make a vow; strengja e-s heit, to make a solemn vow;

2) pl. threats (hann stóð undir heitum ok illyrðum).

* * *

n. a solemn promise, vow; munu yðr heit hans öll föst, Eg. 28, Þorst. St. 55; efnt þykkisk þú hafa heit þín, en nú eru eptir mín heit, Nj. 59; en í engum heitum ( engagement) vil ek bindask, Ó. H. 32: in sing. a vow, holy vow, kvað engan hlut batna munu við þat heit, Rd. 248; er honum þótti sem þegit mundi heitið, Glúm. 348; efla heit, to make a vow, Gísl. 90; stofna heit, id., Fms. ii. 16, Sturl. i. 222; festa heit, id., Bs. i. 184: but esp., strengja heit, to make a solemn vow (in the heathen time, whence heit-strenging), Fs. 122, Ísl. ii. 166, Fms. i. 3, xi. 26, Fb. ii. 353, Hrafn. 5; enda heit sitt, Fb. ii. 371: eccl. a vow, offra Drottni heit sín, Stj. 429; heit öll ok testamenta, K. Á. 216: a promise (in marriage), hann bað konunnar ok fékk heitið hennar, Edda 23; bregða föstu heiti, to break a promise, Alm. 5.

[sd̥rεiηʲg̊ʲa]

strengdi

1. vt

1) привязывать, обвязывать

2) натягивать; протягивать; затягивать, подтягивать ( ремень)

3)

2. strengja sig

* * *

1) solemn promise, vow; efla (stofna, festa) heit, to make a vow; strengja e-s heit, to make a solemn vow;

2) pl. threats (hann stóð undir heitum ok illyrðum).

* * *

n. pl. [cp. Ulf. wota = ἀπειλή], threatening words or gestures, threats, Lat. minae; standa undir heitum ok íllyrðum, Bs. i. 728; heit ok harðyrði, Barl. 194; köld heit, Edda (Ht.); þeirra heit dvínuðu, Edda (in a verse); af heitum, from his threatening gestures, Am. 19.

(-da, -dr), v. to fasten with a string, bind tight (hosan strengd at beini); hann strengdi alt í milli skipanna ok bryggnanna, he stretched cables between the ships and the bridges; s. or s. aptr dyrr, to fasten the door; s. e-n inni or úti, to shut one in or out; s. heit or s. e-s heit, to make a solemn vow.

* * *

ð, [strengr], to string, fasten with a string, to bind tight; hosan strengd at beini, Eg. 602; sterkliga saman strengt, Stj. 12; strengdr niðr í kistuna, Pr. 412; s. aptr dyr, kirkju, hlið, port, to fasten the door, Grett. 159, Bs. ii. 76, Mar.; s. e-n inni or úti, to shut one in or out, Karl. 152, Stj. 40; þeir létu búa um akkeri, ok strengja um viðu, Fms. viii. 113; hann strengdi allt í milli skipanna ok bryggnanna, stretched cables between the ships and the bridges, 121; steinninn á sleða settr ok ramliga strengdr, Mar.

2. the phrase, strengja heit, or s. e-s heit, to ‘fasten a vow,’ make a solemn vow, Fs. 122, Hrafn. 5, Fms. i. 3, xi. 26, 109–112, Fb. ii. 353, Ísl. ii. 166; see heit, heit-strenging.

[hεi:tʰ]

n heits, heit

f. a solemn vow of the heathen kind (cp. strengja heit), Fms. i. 4, Hrafn. 8, Ísl. ii. 42, Fms. xi. 26, 109–113, 152, Fs. 122. For descriptions of this heathen custom, esp. at festivals (at Yule time, at funerals), see esp. Hænsa Þ. S. ch. 12, Jómsv. S. ch. 8, 37, cp. Hkr. Ó. T. ch. 39, Hervar. S. ch. 4 (Fas. i. 417), Hkr. Har. S. Hárf. ch. 4, Yngl. S. ch. 40, Harð. S. ch. 14, Flóamanna S. ch. 2 (cp. Landn. 1. ch. 3), Hrafn. ch. 2, Hkv. Hjörv. (prose).

гл. сл. - ia- натягивать; s. heit давать обет; s. efli собирать силу

d, to vow, Fms. xi. 110, Str.; (better in two words.)

(-da, -dr), v. to vow solemnly (= strengja e-s heit).

(-s, -ar),

1) stock, trunk, block, log of wood (skutu þeir stokki í hryginn svá at í sundr tók); fœra fórnir stokkum eða steinum, to offer to stocks or stones;

2) the wall of a log-house; innan stokks, fyrir innan stokk, inside the house, in-doors (Hrútr fekk henni öll ráð í hendr fyrir innan stokk); útan stokks, fyrir útan stokk, outside the house, out-of-doors;

3) = setstokkr; drekka e-n af stokki, to drink one under the table; stíga á stokk ok strengja heit, to place one’s foot on the stock (setstokkr) and make avow;

4) board along the front of a bed (Egill gekk til rekkjunnar Armóðs ok hnykkti honum á stokk fram);

5) anchor-stock, = akkerisstokkr;

6) stock of an anvil (klauf Sigurðr steðja Regins ofan í stokkinn með sverðinu);

7) gunwale of a ship, = borðstokkr;

8) pl. stocks on which ships are built, = bakkastokkar; skipit hljóp af stokkunum fram á ána, the ship slid of the stocks into the river;

9) a pair of stocks for culprits; setja e-n í stokk, to set one in the stocks;

10) a piece of wood put on the horns of cattle (var stokkrinn af hornum graðungsins);

11) trunk, chest, case.

* * *

m. [A. S. stoc; Engl. and Germ. stock; Dan. stok, etc.]:—a stock, trunk, block, log of wood; þar höföu stokkar stórir verit fluttir heim, ok svá eldar görvir sem þar er siðvenja til, at eldinn skal leggja í stokks-endann, ok brennr svá stokkrinn, Egill greip upp stokkinn, Eg. 238; sá eldr sem lagðr er í eiki-stokkinn, Bs. i. 223; hann settisk á einn stokk er stóð fyrir honum, Finnb. 222; þeir görðu brúar stórar yfir díkit ok görðu stokka undir, Fms. xi. 34; skyrker stóð á stokkum í búrinu, Sturl. iii. 192; hann lét hola innan stokk einn, Mar.; skutu þeir stokki á hrygginn, Fms. vii. 227: allit., stokka eðr steina, stocks or stones, ii. 265, vii. 227, x. 274, Grág. ii. 132, 360 (of idols).

II. spec. usages, stocks on which ships are built (bakka-stokkar); skipit hljóp af stokkunum fram á ána, she slipped from off the stocks into the river, Fms. viii. 196:—the mast-step, tók tréit at falla fram eptir stokkinum, ix. 386:— the gunwale of a ship (borð-stokkr), Fas. ii. 38:— the plates or beams laid horizontally on a wall, hence the mod. Norse stokka-búr, Gísl. 88; hence the phrases, ‘innan stokks’ or ‘fyrir innan stokk,’ in-doors, opp. to ‘útan-stokks,’ ‘fyrir útan stokk,’ out-of-doors; according to an Icel. phrase, the wife rules ‘innan-stokks,’ the husband ‘útan-stokks,’ Nj. 11, Ísl. ii. 401, Grág. i. 333, Rd. 176; innan stokks eðr innan garðs, Gþl. 136: = gafl-stokkr, Eg. 91: = set-stokkr (q. v.), Nj. 202, Gísl. 72, Grág. ii. 119; hann gékk síðan inn í eldahús ok steig síðan á stokk upp ok skaut exinni upp á hurð-ása, 182; Hörðr stóð við stokk, ok gékk nú hit fyrsta sinni frá stokkinum ok til móður sinnar, Ísl. ii. 15, cp. Flóam. S. ch. 4 (the local name Stokks-eyrr): cp. also the phrase, strálaust er fyrir stokkum, no straw before the benches. Fas. ii. 38:— a bed-side (rúm-stokkr), hvíla við stokk eðr þili, Sturl. i. 207; á stokk fram, Ld. 214, Eg. 560; sitja fram á stokk, 396:—the stock of an anvil, Edda 74: the stock of an anchor, see stokklauss:— a pair of stocks for culprits, setja e-n í stokk, to set one in the stocks, Bs. i. 910; liggja í stokki við vatn ok brauð, Rétt. 6l; fella stokk á fætr e-m, … sitja í stokkinum, Fas. i. 125: also of a piece of wood put on the horns of cattle, Eb. 324: the single square pieces of a silver belt are called stokkr, whence stokka-belti = a belt composed of several pieces clasped together, as worn by ladies in Icel.

2. a trunk, chest, case, Pm. 103, Ld. 326, Sd. 191; sívalr stokkr af tágum ok sefi, Stj. 251: freq. in mod. usage of small cases in which women keep their things (often carved), þráðar-s., prjóna-stokkr.

3. the narrow bed of a river between two rocks is called stokkr, or áin rennr í stokk, Hbl. 56, freq. in mod. usage.

4. phrases, drekka e-n af stokki, to keep drinking with one till he drops, Ó. H. 71; sitja e-n af stokki, to sit one out, till he leaves; stinga af stokki við e-n (mod. stinga e-n af stokki), to prick one out of one’s seat, Nj. 166; stíga á stokk ok strengja heit, to place one’s foot on the stock (the set-stokkr) in making a vow, a heathen rite, Fas. ii. 293.

5. a pack of cards.

COMPDS: stokkabelti, stokkabúr, stokkaker.

1) (to make a solemn promise (that): He vowed that he would die rather than surrender.) strengja heit

2) (to threaten: He vowed revenge on all his enemies.) heita því að, sverja

1) poetry, = skáldskapr;

2) the best, foremost (Ása bragr = Thor; bragr kvenna); most eloquent.

* * *

ar, m. [akin to bragð, braga, bragi, etc.]

I. best, foremost; b. kvenna, best of women, Skv. 2. 15; Ása b., best of Ases, Skm. 34; b. karla eðr kvenna, Edda 17: only used in poetry or poët. language, cp. the A. S. brego ( princeps) Egypta, Norðmanna, Israelita, Gumena, Engla, etc.:—hence the compd bragar-full or braga-full, n. a toasting cup, to be drunk esp. at funeral feasts; it seems properly to mean the king’s toast (cp. Bragi = princeps), i. e. the toast in the memory of the deceased king or earl, which was to be drunk first; the heir to the throne rose to drink this toast, and while doing so put his feet on the footstool of his seat and made a solemn vow (stíga á stokk ok strengja heit); he then for the first time took his father’s seat, and the other guests in their turn made similar vows. For a graphic description of this heathen sacred custom, vide Yngl. S. Hkr. i. 49, Hervar. S. Fas. i. 417 and 515, Hkv. Hjörv. 32, Ragn. S. Fas. i. 345. It is likely that the b. was mostly used at funeral banquets, though the passages in the Ragn. and Hervar. S. (cp. also Hænsaþ. S. ch. 12) seem to imply its use at other festivals, as weddings; cp. also the description of the funeral banquet, Hkr. i. 231, where ‘minni hans’ ( the toast of the dead king) answers to bragarfull; cp. also the funeral banquet recorded in Jómsvik. S., where the Danish king Sweyn made the vow ‘at bragarfulli’ to conquer England within three winters. This is said to have been the prelude to the great Danish invasion A. D. 994, Fagrsk. 44, and Hkr. to l. c. The best MSS. prefer the reading bragar- (from bragr, princeps), not braga-.

II. nearly like Lat. mos, a fashion, habit of life, in compds as, bæjar-bragr, heimilis-bragr, híbýla-bragr, house life; sveitar-bragr, country life; bónda-bragr, yeoman life; héraðs-bragr, lands-bragr, etc. Icel. say good or bad bæjarbragr, Bb. I. 15.

III. poetry; gefr hann (viz. Odin) brag skáldum, Hdl. 5, Edda 17: in mod. usage chiefly melody or metre.

COMPDS: bragarbót, bragarfræði, bragarlaun, bragarmál.

* * *

1) memory (hann missti minnis ok þótti nær sem vitstolinn) leggja e-t í m., to lay up in the mind; reka m. til e-s, to call to mind;

2) esp. in pl. memorials (slík m. hafa Íslendingar Haralds konungs ok mörg önnur); settir eptir (viz. dauða) bautasteinar til minnis, as a memorial;

3) memory, of past time; þeir er vóru fyrir várt m., who lived before we can remember;

4) memorial cup, toast (at old sacrifices and banquets); mæla fyrir minnum, to propose a toast.

a. compar., answering to lítill, less, smaller; least, smallest (var minna karp þitt, meðan H. konungr lifði); er sá kallaðr minni maðr (lower in rank), er öðrum fóstrar barn.

n. mouth (of a river, fjord, valley), = mynni.

* * *

compar. and superl. minnstr, answering to lítill, q. v.: [Ulf. miniza and minists; O. H. G. miniro; Germ. minder, minderste; Dan.-Swed. mindre, mindst; Lat. minor, minimus]:—lesser, smaller, and superl. least, smallest, of stature, quantity, following the same rule as lítill (q. v.), and opp. to meiri; minna lið, Grág. i. 44; minni laun, Nj. 10; máttr sem minnstr, Fms. xi. 102; minnstr ok vesalligstr, Háv. 53; var minna karp þitt, er …, Fms. vii. 21; þeir áttu minna í at hefna, Eg. 86; liggja í minna rúmi, Mork. 183; svá sem hann má minnstu við koma, Grág. i. 140.

II. metaph., minnstir fyrir sér, Eg. 123; þú ert minni fyrir þér en ek hugða, Edda 33; þat lið er honum þótti minni fylgð í, Fms. iv. 350; sá er kallaðr minni maðr ( lower in rank) er öðrum fóstrar barn, Ld. 108: hence vera minni maðr, of a person who has done a dishonourable deed, dishonoured [cp. Lat. capitis minor]: eigi at minna, nevertheless, 216. minni-háttar and minnst-háttar, adv. of lesser, least degree, the least, Fs. 59.

n. [Ulf. ga-minþi = μνεία; A. S. mynd; Engl. mind]:— memory; minni, vit ok skilning, minni at muna…, Skálda 169, Fbr. 137; hann misti minnis ok þótti nær sem vitstolinn, Fms. vi. 198; sumir hafa eigi m. þá er frá líðr hvernig þeim var sagt, ok gengusk þeim mjök í minni optliga, Ó. H. (pref.); leggja í minni, to keep in memory, Fb. ii. 353; því er ek má mínu minni á koma, Str. 2; reka minni til, Fms. vi. 256, Fb. i. 262; festask e-m í minni, Ó. H. 46; reka minni til e-s.

2. memorials, esp. in pl.; þvílík minni hafa menn þar Haralds konungs, Fagrsk. 127; ok settir eptir bautasteinar til minnis, Ó. H. (pref.); hann hjó þat högg er menn hafa síðan at minnum haft, Fb. ii. 23, Fms. xi. 109: old saws or the like, hölzti eru þau minnin forn, Mkv.; ok skal orðtak vera forn minni, Edda (Ht.) 125.

3. memory, of past time; þeirra er vóru fyrir várt minni, who lived before our memory, Íb. 16; þat er ór manna m., beyond the memory of man, D. N. iii. 34; ér erfðuð hann, þat er í mínu m., Skálda 171; ú-minni, lethargy.

4. mind, consent (Dan. minde, ‘give sit minde til noget;’ Engl. ‘give one’s mind to it’); með sjálfs síns minni, K. Á. 70; utan biskup minni, D. N. i. 382.

II. a memorial cup or toast, at old sacrifices and banquets: these memorial toasts were in the heathen age consecrated (signuð) to the gods Thor, Odin, Bragi, Frey, Njord, who, on the introduction of Christianity, were replaced by Christ, the Saints, the Archangel Michael, the Virgin Mary, and St. Olaf; the toasts to the Queen, Army, etc. in English banquets are probably a relic of this ancient Teutonic ceremony; Krists-minni, Fms. vii. 148; Máriu-m., x. 19; Ólafs-minni, N. G. L. ii. 445, cp. in the heathen age Braga-full; þar vóru öll minni signuð Ásum at fornum sið, Ó. H. 102; bera minni um eld, O. H. L. 18; bera öl um eld ok drekka m. á þann er gegnt var, Fms. vi. 442; fóru minni mörg ok skyldi horn drekka í minni hvert, Eg. 206; drakk hann þá öll minni krossalaus þau er bændr skenktu honum, Hkr. i. 144; mæla fyrir minnum, to speak to a toast, propose, give a toast, Orkn. 246, Fs. 147; skyldi þar um gólf ganga at minnum öllum, Eg. 253; Þorgils skyldi mæla fyrir minnum, en hann veik til Þórðar ok bað hann ráða hver minni fyrst væri drukkin, i. e. that Th. should be the toast-master, Sturl. i. 20 (the banquet in Reykhólar, A. D. 1119). At a funeral banquet the minni of the deceased was proposed by the heir, who at the same time made a vow (strengja heit); this rite performed, he took his father’s scat in the hall, and was henceforth the lawful heir, Fms. i. 161: a minni to a living person is nowhere mentioned. For the classical passages see Hák. S. Góða ch. 16, 17, Fms. i. 280; and for funeral banquets, Fagrsk. ch. 55.

COMPDS: minnisdrykkja, minnisgóðr, minnishorn, minnislauss, minnisleysi, minnisstæðr, minnisveig, minnisverðr, minnisöl.

m. the ‘atonement-boar,’ consecrated to the sun-god Frey. The ancient sacrifice of atonement (sónar-blót) was thus performed:—the largest boar that could be found in the kingdom was on Yule-eve led before the king and his men assembled in the hall; the king and his men then laid their hands on the boar’s bristly mane and made a solemn vow, strengja heit at Braga-falli. The animal being sacrificed, divination took place, probably by chips shaken in the boar’s blood; for descriptions see Herv. S. ch. 10 (Fas. i. 531, 532), Hkv. Hjörv. (the prose), Yngl. S. ch. 21 (ganga til sónar-blóts til fréttar). The boar’s head at Yule-tide in Queen’s College, Oxlord, is probably a relic of this ancient heathen sacrificial rite.

(-s, -ar),

1) stock, trunk, block, log of wood (skutu þeir stokki í hryginn svá at í sundr tók); fœra fórnir stokkum eða steinum, to offer to stocks or stones;

2) the wall of a log-house; innan stokks, fyrir innan stokk, inside the house, in-doors (Hrútr fekk henni öll ráð í hendr fyrir innan stokk); útan stokks, fyrir útan stokk, outside the house, out-of-doors;

3) = setstokkr; drekka e-n af stokki, to drink one under the table; stíga á stokk ok strengja heit, to place one’s foot on the stock (setstokkr) and make avow;

4) board along the front of a bed (Egill gekk til rekkjunnar Armóðs ok hnykkti honum á stokk fram);

5) anchor-stock, = akkerisstokkr;

6) stock of an anvil (klauf Sigurðr steðja Regins ofan í stokkinn með sverðinu);

7) gunwale of a ship, = borðstokkr;

8) pl. stocks on which ships are built, = bakkastokkar; skipit hljóp af stokkunum fram á ána, the ship slid of the stocks into the river;

9) a pair of stocks for culprits; setja e-n í stokk, to set one in the stocks;

10) a piece of wood put on the horns of cattle (var stokkrinn af hornum graðungsins);

11) trunk, chest, case.

* * *

or stökr, m. [provinc. Norse staak = noise], a stir, disturbance; vær kómum stökk (dat.) í lið þeirra, we put them to flight, Stj. 515; ek mun vita ef ek koma nokkurum stökk í lið þeirra, Fms. viii. 49; áðr hann görði stökk í órum búðum, ere he brought discord into our dwelling, Bjarn. 28 (in a verse, if thus to be emended); stökkr óx, the swell (of the sea) waxed, Edda (Ht.)

adj. ‘springing,’ brittle, of steel or the like; koparr harðr ok stökkr, Fms. v. 344; stökkr stálbugr, Hallgr.

2. slippery; sólinn var stökkr … rasar Sturla, Bs. i. 527.